This chart presents the complete phoneme inventory for Turkish (Turkey) – tr-TR, using both IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) and X-SAMPA notation. Each phoneme entry includes a sample word and its full phonetic transcription in both systems.
Turkish has a rich system of vowel harmony and a symmetrical set of vowels, including front/back and rounded/unrounded distinctions. Consonants include aspirated and palatalized sounds, as well as voiced/voiceless pairs and affricates. This chart is helpful for Turkish learners, linguists, educators, and developers working with phonetic transcription, pronunciation modeling, or language processing. Stress placement and syllable boundary symbols are included at the end for reference.
Turkish (Turkey) – tr-TR
| X-SAMPA | IPA | Example Word | X-SAMPA Transcription | IPA Transcription |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| m | m | masa | ma"sa | maˈsa |
| p | p | para | pa"4a | paˈɾa |
| b | b | balık | ba"lMk | baˈlɯk |
| f | f | füze | "fyze | ˈfyze |
| v | v | vazo | "vazo | ˈvazo |
| h | h | halı | ha"lM | haˈlɯ |
| d | d | deniz | de"niz | deˈniz |
| t | t | takım | ta"kMm | taˈkɯn |
| s | s | sokak | so"kak | soˈkak |
| z | z | zarf | "za4f | ˈzaɾf |
| k | k | kuş | "kuS | ˈkuʃ |
| c | c | kâr | "ca4 | ˈcaɾ |
| g | g | gaz | "gaz | ˈgaz |
| J\ | ɟ | rüzgâr | 4yz"J\a4 | ɾyɾzˈɟaɾ |
| l | l | salı | sa"lM | saˈlɯ |
| L | ʎ | alkol | aL"koL | aʎˈkoʎ |
| 4 | ɾ | resim | 4e"sim | ɾeˈsim |
| tS | tʃ | çilek | tSi"Lec | tʃiˈʎec |
| dZ | dʒ | cam | "dZam | ˈdʒam |
| Z | ʒ | jilet | Zi"Let | ʒiˈʎet |
| n | n | niyet | ni"jet | niˈjet |
| j | j | yatak | ja"tak | jaˈtak |
| S | ʃ | şeker | Se"ce4 | ʃeˈceɾ |
| a | a | araba | a4a"ba | aɾaˈba |
| a: | aː | âdet | "a:det | ˈaːdet |
| e | e | etek | e"tek | eˈtek |
| e: | eː | eğri | e:"4i | eːˈɾi |
| i | i | imza | im"za: | imˈzaː |
| i: | iː | asli | as"Li: | asˈʎiː |
| M | ɯ | ışık | M"SMk | ɯˈʃɯk |
| M: | ɯː | ığdır | "M:dM4 | ˈɯːdɯɾ |
| u | u | umut | u"mut | uˈmut |
| u: | uː | şuur | "Su:4 | ˈʃuːɾ |
| y | y | ütü | y"ty | yˈty |
| y: | yː | düğme | dy:"me | dyːˈme |
| o | o | omuz | o"muz | oˈmuz |
| o: | oː | doğru | do:"4u | doːˈɾu |
| 2 | ø | örtü | 24"ty | øɾˈty |
| 2: | øː | öğün | 2:"yn | øːˈyn |
Stress Symbols
| Function | IPA | X-SAMPA |
|---|---|---|
| Primary stress | ˈ | " |
| Syllable boundary | . | . |